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The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914

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History
Jumat, 28 Desember 2012

The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914

Author: Visit Amazon's Christopher Clark Page | Language: English | ISBN: 0061146668 | Format: PDF

The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 Description

From Booklist

The immense documentation of the origin of WWI, remarks historian Clark, can be marshaled to support a range of theses, and it but weakly sustains, in the tenor of his intricate analysis, the temptation to assign exclusive blame for the cataclysm to a particular country. Dispensing with a thesis, Clark interprets evidence in terms of the character, internal political heft, and external geopolitical perception and intention of a political actor. In other words, Clark centralizes human agency and, especially, human foibles of misperception, illogic, and emotion in his narrative. Touching on every significant figure in European diplomacy in the decade leading to August 1914, Clark underscores an entanglement of an official’s fluctuating domestic power with a foreign interlocutor’s appreciation, accurate or not, of that official’s ability to make something stick in foreign policy. As narrative background, Clark choreographs the alliances and series of crises that preceded the one provoked by the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, but he focuses on the men whose risk-taking mistakes detonated WWI. Emphasizing the human element, Clark bestows a tragic sensibility on a magisterial work of scholarship. --Gilbert Taylor
--This text refers to the






Hardcover
edition.

Review

“An important book. . . . One of the most impressive and stimulating studies of the period ever published.” (Max Hastings, The Sunday Times)

“Excellent. . . . The book is stylishly written as well as superb scholarship. No analysis of the origins of the First World War will henceforth be able to bypass this magisterial work.” (Ian Kershaw, BBC History)

“The most readable account of the origins of the First World War since Barbara Tuchman’s The Guns of August. The difference is that The Sleepwalkers is a lovingly researched work of the highest scholarship.” (Niall Ferguson)

“This compelling examination of the causes of World War I deserves to become the new standard one-volume account of that contentious subject.” (Foreign Affairs)

“Clark is a masterly historian. . . . His account vividly reconstructs key decision points while deftly sketching the context driving them. . . . A magisterial work.” (The Wall Street Journal)

“A monumental new volume. . . . Revelatory, even revolutionary. . . . Clark has done a masterful job explaining the inexplicable.” (The Boston Globe)

“Easily the best book ever written on the subject. . . . A work of rare beauty that combines meticulous research with sensitive analysis and elegant prose. The enormous weight of its quality inspires amazement and awe. . . . Academics should take note: Good history can still be a good story.” (The Washington Post)

“A meticulously researched, superbly organized, and handsomely written account.” (MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History)

“Superb. . . . One of the great mysteries of history is how Europe’s great powers could have stumbled into World War I. . . . This is the single best book I have read on this important topic.” (Fareed Zakaria)

“A thoroughly comprehensive and highly readable account. . . . The brilliance of Clark’s far-reaching history is that we are able to discern how the past was genuinely prologue. . . . In conception, steely scholarship and piercing insights, his book is a masterpiece.” (Harold Evans, The New York Times Book Review)

“As spacious and convincing a treatment as has yet appeared. . . . Clark’s prose is clear and laced with color.” (The Daily Beast)

“A great book. . . An amazing narrative history of the crisis and the larger context.” (Slate)

“A superb account of the causes of the first world war. . . . Clark brilliantly puts this illogical conflict into context.” (The Guardian)

“This book is as authoritative as it is gripping. . . . Clark provides a vivid panorama of the jostling among Europe’s policymakers. . . . The reader is rapt as ‘watchful but unseeing’ protagonists head for inconceivable horror.” (The Independent)

“Excellent. . . . Where Clark excels is in explaining how the pre-war diplomatic maneuvers resembled a giant exercise in game theory.”- (The Economist)

“Clark’s narrative sophistication, his philosophical awareness, and his almost preternatural command of his sources make The Sleepwalkers an exemplary instance of how to navigate this tricky terrain. The best book on the origins of the First World War that I know.” (Thomas Laqueur, The London Review of Books)

“One of 2013’s finest nonfiction books. . . . Offers more up-to-date scholarship than you’ll find in a classic like Barbara Tuchman’s The Guns of August.” (Matthew Yglesias, Slate)
See all Editorial Reviews
  • Product Details
  • Table of Contents
  • Reviews
  • Paperback: 736 pages
  • Publisher: Harper Perennial (March 18, 2014)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0061146668
  • ISBN-13: 978-0061146664
  • Product Dimensions: 1.5 x 5.2 x 8.2 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 0.3 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Which was most important, the spark or the powder keg? There are probably enough books on the origins of the First World War to rebuild the great wall of China with. Thanks to the influence of the 'annales' school and its long view of history, however, and then of Marxist thinking and its predilection for structural causes, most of that literature has focused on the powder keg. In Sleepwalkers, Clark chooses to ask about the spark: how the First World War came about rather than why, though how is of course also expected to inform the question why. The book thus devotes close attention to Balkan politics, and it includes what must be one of the most detailed accounts of the Sarajevo murders anywhere. In this sense and to a degree, it is a return to the 'battles and princes' history of earlier times. Look for irony in this if you like, but Clark makes the point that our twenty-first century multi-polar world, with its fluid politics and shock-prone environment - think 9/11 and its aftermath - resembles the pre-WWI era more than much of the twentieth century, and perhaps makes that era more approachable.

Sleepwalkers is actually divided into three sections. The first, which I found the best, deals with the Balkans, Serbian irredentism, the Black Hand, and the Habsburgs' fraught involvement and Russo-French investment in the region. The second teases out longer-term risk factors over the ten to fifteen years to 1914, and the third section puts the characters and events immediately leading to the war declarations under the microscope. Inevitably the book's second section rehashes already well-covered points: the hardening of the alliance system, mobilisation plans, colonial competition, though it does make the important argument that not every trend pointed towards military confrontation.
This is a difficult review to compose. The difficulty lies in the fact that Professor Clark starts off very well. He covers the deep political background of the war thoroughly. He lays out the tangled rivalries, ambitions, agendas and animosities in a manner that gives the reader a good understanding of the historical context within which the 1914 assassination crisis will unfold. The first 2/3rds of the book rate a solid 4 to 5 stars.

Unfortunately, things go downhill after that.

I think that we have to start by drawing a critical distinction. Deep historical background is just that... deep historical background. It doesn't explain HOW or WHY a particular event escalates from being a potentially resolvable diplomatic crisis into a war, it only describes the context in which this transformation occurs. Bitter rivalries can persist for decades without crossing the threshold into war. The transformation to war requires specific choices, made by specific actors, made within a specific timeline. The sword doesn't come out of the scabbard without someone deciding to draw it.

If we are going to attempt to answer the question "How Europe went to War in 1914", then there's no way that we can shy away from focusing on the questions of which specific choices, made by which specific actors, at which specific points in time, resulted in the threshold to war being crossed, thereby opening the door to further escalation. The assignment of responsibility/guilt is not a prerequisite of answering the question "How Europe went to War in 1914", but we must allow that it is a possible outcome of our pursuit of the available evidence.

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